For abbreviations of legal journal titles, see also the list of legal journals indexed by the Encyclopedia of Law (which may contain several articles related to pension repatriation decisions) (choose the letter with which the title of the legal journal begins). See Index of legal abbreviations used in Australia Translation: Your private diaries may contain evidence in the case, and opposing parties have the legal right to copy and review it when submitting a request for submission of documents. Today`s #LEGAL term is: #Discovery Have you heard this term on a TV show? t.co/oklfYHj5th . #lawyer#TheMoreYouKnowpic.twitter.com/9S5RpcHrca The definition of « discovery » in law is the exchange of legal information and facts known to a case. Think of discovery as obtaining and disclosing the evidence and position of each party to a case so that all parties involved can decide what their best options are – going to court or negotiating an early resolution. RESPONSE: When a complaint is submitted to a defendant in litigation, the « response » is the written response that relates to each allegation and admits or denies the errors. Parties to a case must participate in the investigation process, which means that they must hand over information and evidence about a claim so that all parties involved can know what awaits them in the trial. WRITTEN DISCOVERY Under the umbrella of « written discovery, » we find, « We are in discovery right now, I hope we get what we need with this statement. » RPBA – CPPR – CPSR – CVPP – RPCX – RPDA – DPRD – RPDE – LDPR – PDP Translation: The investigative process is ongoing and we try to get all the evidence we need when we sit in person and question the defendant under oath. For these reasons, it is very rare during a trial for a lawyer to present surprising evidence, as many television characters seem to do with regularity. There is no answer to this question like « MISCELLANEOUS, SPORTS, GOVERNMENT » all categories for anything that does not fit into another category. It can represent anything from « leftover » items to hard-to-classify items.

Testing can be time-consuming, wasteful of energy and money. Discovery encourages the parties to choose a settlement and end the dispute before trial or before the end of the process. Like showing your cards to your opponent in a poker game, discovery reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each game`s hands. Now that they know the evidence, either party can continue the process or fold their hands depending on what has been revealed. DISCOVERABLE: This is potential evidence – notes, diaries, photos, videos, etc. – these « findable » elements must be made available to the opposing parties in the dispute. « They have to pass this log during the discovery if they emit RPD. » A testimony is an opportunity for a lawyer to ask for whatever is necessary to gather, clarify and « discover » evidence and facts. Knowing the facts, the parties can then decide what to do with the claim.

In addition, you should now have a deeper appreciation and understanding of the special responsibilities that fall on you as a manager of people in the workplace and the significant impact that your legal and ethical responsibilities as a manager have on all stakeholders and society at large. The four rights that were considered fundamental human rights in the late eighteenth century—the right to life, liberty, the « pursuit of happiness, » and property—were considered freedoms, not positive rights. Other people were generally considered morally forbidden to interfere with the pursuit of another`s life, the exercise of liberty, the pursuit of happiness, or the preservation of property. They had no moral obligation to save other people`s lives, secure their freedom, promote their happiness, or provide them with goods. Obedient consent means that you agree with the law and accept that it applies to yourself and everyone else. Legal and moral responsibility coincide. Just because the law allows you to do something doesn`t mean it`s ethical. The law defines what people can do, regardless of the impact of those actions on others. Ethics describes what people should do, taking into account their responsibilities and the foreseeable consequences of their actions.

In most cases, it is clear that ethics requires more than law. Situations that lead to ethical conflicts illustrate the difficulty of making the right decision. Andrew Jameton identified three types of ethical conflicts that nurses can experience in clinical settings and that can cause stress: Again, not all moral and ethical actions affect the law. For example, it is ethical to love and respect your parents, but there is no law for this unless they are deliberately abused by their children. The law establishes the minimum standards of behaviour expected of persons. As a manager, you can establish a framework to help you make the right decision responsibly when faced with an ethical dilemma. This framework consists of three methods: human rights, justice and utilitarian methods. I would say that legality and morality are not only different, they are exactly the opposite of each other. Vincible ignorance: His own ignorance, whether about laws or facts, is inexcusable, but correctable. For example, a marketing manager trained for missions abroad should be familiar with the 1977 FCPA, the 1988 ACTO, and the bribery laws of the countries in which they operate.

Such ignorance does not absolve us of our moral responsibility. One could even feign or manipulate ignorance: for example, an avid cigarette smoker may stay away from doctors who warn him about the carcinogenic effects of smoking. I also don`t want to be there when the person who claims that neither a legal obligation nor a moral obligation is real tries to explain that to anyone who chose something more difficult or uncertain, but that was right, rather than something less difficult or safer that was bad. As mentioned earlier, it would be considered a negative obligation as it would generally only require the waiver of acts of disclosure. In many cases, however, special precautions should be taken to avoid disclosure of confidential customer information – for example, if you need to protect part of a new model from the public. In this case, the commitment would require positive action and would therefore have the characteristics of a positive commitment. This example illustrates some of the judgments that must be made when applying ethical concepts. 2. Does the fact that the Westboro Baptist Church did everything legally correct make its position acceptable? Should they respect ethical boundaries beyond regulatory compliance? Why or why not? Bernard Lonergan (1912-1993) considers responsibility as a function of his own effective freedom. He distinguishes between « essential » and « effective » freedom (Lonergan, 1970, pp. 595-633).

« The difference between essential freedom and effective freedom is the difference between a dynamic structure and its scope. » (p. 619). We are essentially free to the extent that possible courses of action are grasped by practical insight, motivated by reflection and carried out by decision. Nevertheless, we are more or less effectively free, insofar as this dynamic structure is open to grasp, motivate and execute a wide or narrow spectrum of otherwise possible lines of action. Thus, « one can essentially be free, but not actually free, to quit smoking » (Lonergan, 1970, 620). Effective freedom is not given. It must be cultivated.

You have to earn it. The crucial point is to achieve the will to convince oneself of an objective good or to submit to the conviction of others. You also have to be convinced of authenticity and openness. Incomplete intellectual and voluntary development leads to moral impotence. The philosopher Annette Baier points out that people of every human group with every social organization make claims and give moral justifications. Therefore, in every society there are claims with moral justification. Since rights are legitimate claims, there is an equivalent to the concept of right in all societies, even in those that do not have a ready-made term for legitimate claims. Cultures that see fundamental moral considerations regarding responsibilities, virtues, obligations, and duties have the equivalent of moral rights because the moral demands they recognize provide moral justification for certain claims made by individuals. The Declaration of Independence is clearly based on the assumption that human rights exist: all human beings are created equal, because all are endowed with certain « inalienable rights ». In the strongest sense, the declaration means that a right is inalienable, that it cannot be withdrawn by others, exchanged by the person or confiscated as a result of the person`s actions.

In a weaker sense, this means that the right cannot be withdrawn or implemented, but could be lost through the actions of the person. In the United States, for example, a convict loses the right to vote, even if it is considered wrong for others to disenfranchise a person, and any renunciation of the right to vote is considered morally invalid. In the weakest sense, the assertion that a right is inalienable only means that others do not have the right to eliminate or revoke that right. Thomas Jefferson and the authors of the Declaration of Independence considered these criminal sanctions to be prison sentences and just executions, even if they involved loss of liberty or life. Kidder calls this a « right vs. right » dilemma. When evaluating alternatives, both policy options have both positive and negative elements. Good versus good is an ethical dilemma, while good versus evil is identified as a moral temptation (Kidder, 1996). King John (1199 – 1216) used to rule his empire according to the principle vis et voluntas, Latin for « power and will ». The Magna Carta was published at the time of his reign and, among other things, which are still in force today in English law, states that no free man shall be imprisoned or deprived of his rights or property without due process being lawfully applied. It was clear that what had happened before under the law was unfair. You have a legal responsibility not to choose to be a thief or murderer.

But beyond that, it is within your moral authority to choose a profession. Making this moral decision allows you to weigh your preferences and abilities the way you want. It takes moral skill to make this decision well, but it is not a legal issue. Codes of ethics are general and are not intended to serve as a model for ethical decisions. They are intended to remind us of the norms of behavior: that the nurse is obligated to maintain confidentiality, maintain competence, and protect patients from unethical practices (Lyons, 2011). What species, if any, would be ethically acceptable to use in such experiments? Is it morally relevant whether they are mammals? Would the intelligence be morally relevant to the decision, and if so, how? Would the presence or absence of a complex social system in which members care for other members of the species be a morally relevant factor to consider? Would it be morally relevant for one candidate species to have a more human face than another? Would it be relevant that some people in particular were once human pets? If so, would it be better or worse to use these people? Disapproval through obedience means that you do not agree with the law, but you choose not to risk punishment.

The personal statement, your opportunity to sell yourself in the application process, usually falls into one of two categories: You might have great experiences, but if they are organized into a poorly written statement, the effect will be reduced. Therefore, it is important to plan your return carefully. While the length of the personal statement does not vary from school to school, the additions required by different schools vary. And for many schools, especially highly selective schools, you need to write a number of complementary essays. For these, we have a number of free guides to try. (For example, Stanford, Harvard and Yale) We believe that there are 4 key qualities that possess strong personal statements: values, insight, vulnerability, and know-how (probably in that order of importance). You can check this link for more details and, once you`ve completed your personal statement, go through the Great College Essay Test. Let`s talk about how the above essay ticks these boxes. It seems obvious, but small details like this can easily be overlooked.

They are also the first step to getting your foot in the door and on the offices of the tender committee, so color in the lines. This will prove that you know how to follow the guidelines. If you do not, your personal statement will receive a placeholder in the trash. With these guidelines in mind, start your creative engines and start writing! Be authentic, be yourself, and show how your life experiences have helped you grow. For someone hoping to enter their dream school, whether for bachelor`s or master`s theses, it is common to spend hours in front of an empty computer screen waiting for personal inspiration. The right personal statement reflects who you are, but should also provide an interesting perspective on a topic. If you suffer from a writer`s personal block, keep these points in mind: college admissions officers receive thousands of essays each year from people just as qualified as you. Your personal statement is the perfect opportunity to stand out from these other candidates. Show them what makes you unique and discuss what you can bring to their school that no one else can bring. For help, check out our guide to writing a personal statement as a student supervisor. Getting creative is the best way to make your personal statement stand out from the crowd. Tell a story, show your personality, and use your own voice to make the room stand out.

We have seen it all here at Scribendi which means we know what makes a good personal statement and what makes it a bad one. The bad news is that there is a very fine line. The good news is that we`ve compiled a list of common mistakes students make when writing a personal statement. Now you can learn from other people`s mistakes so you don`t have to learn them the hard way. What is normal are the tiny little kindnesses. These do not cost a person much. A piece of time, a moment of opening and nothing else. They are a smile when you feel depressed, a comforting hand on your shoulder, a moment to talk. This is your chance to demonstrate your enthusiasm and commitment and show us what added value you can add to a university. In the vast majority of cases, universities find ways to make you an offer and not reject you – the personal statement is your chance to make that decision easier for them! We can`t repeat it enough: don`t make your personal statement without your spelling, grammar, punctuation, sentence structure, etc. To check! All things grammar! Your personal statement reflects who you are, from the topic you choose to the style in which you write it, so impress colleges (or scholarship providers) with great structure and grammar! Ben, the Head of Law Admissions at the University of Birmingham, shared with us what he expects from applicants in their personal statement: Prepare for your personal statement by listing the most significant and significant events in your life.

What experiences have really changed, influenced and made you the person you are today? Once you`ve brainstormed a few ideas and identified 2-4 winners, we agree with Find the Right College – just start writing freely! Start by writing a few sentences or paragraphs about one of your shortlisted topics and let the words flow. Write about each shortlisted topic for about 15 minutes. Don`t worry about structure or organization – it`s just an exercise to feel comfortable getting thoughts out of your head and on paper. This tool is designed to help you think about what to include in your personal statement and how to structure it. It also counts the number of characters you`ve used, so it`s easy to spot when you`re approaching the 4,000-character limit. Use our tool to create your personal statement over time by recording your progress. You can do it yourself (write down your thoughts) or do this exercise aloud with a friend or family member and then take notes as you speak. If you`re better off « thinking out loud » than on paper, brainstorming with someone else may be the way to go! Remember the word « personal » in the personal statement. We all have a story to tell, and we all have a different journey that has led us to where we are today. We might think, « Someone has already written about this, » or we might think that our story isn`t unique, but IT is. Craft: This first line acts as a nice and quick hook – once I`ve read it, I`m curious about where we`re going next – in addition to the thematic structure of the essay. There are good variations in the wording and structure of sentences.

And she clearly spent a lot of time (as in the 5+ designs) revising and refining them. (Keep in mind that one of the things you show your readers is that you`re willing to write at the college level — meaning submitting a first or second draft probably won`t put you forward.) Another common mistake on the other side of the last one is putting on a big show. Let go of the drama. If you haven`t found a cure for the common cold, don`t claim what you did. Can exaggerated descriptors, adjectives, and adverbs let your accomplishments speak for themselves? Similarly, jargon, overly academic language and stifling personality must disappear. It`s okay to keep your personal statement simple because that`s what makes it real. Write like yourself, and the personal statement will not become a drama. Accepted`s expert advisors can help you with your application essays, from choosing a topic (and making sure it`s appropriate!) to finalizing and preparing the submission. Check out our graduate application services and we`ll put you in touch with a personal admissions coach who will help you gain acceptance. Check out our guide to writing your personal declaration for refugees and asylum seekers.

Find out how to write a personal statement from the UCAS Conservatories. What is the correct length for your personal statement? Is there a « right » length? In this article, you`ll find simple, slightly more nuanced answers to these questions, as well as tips on how to structure your personal statement to use the « right » length. You have come this far. Now it`s time to write your personal statement! Here you can mention any other entry requirements you have used, such as an Access or APL course, to demonstrate the skills and knowledge you have gained during your previous experience. It`s a fairly common question, but it doesn`t really have an answer. Because there aren`t really colleges that require a personal statement that doesn`t offer any kind of word count. At least none I can think of. A personal statement supports your application to study at a university or college. This is a chance for you to explain why you want to study a particular course or subject and what skills and experience you possess that show your passion for your chosen field.

For more details, read our detailed guide on what to include in a personal statement and what to avoid. Some students feel so compelled to create the perfect personal statement that they end up writing a very dry article. Remember that admissions officers are also human and want to be entertained. Think of the task as an opportunity to tell a story, with you as the main character. Maybe you lack experience. Maybe you`ve never had a job in your field or you haven`t volunteered enough. Maybe your grades dropped halfway through school or you lost a scholarship. Maybe you don`t have any extracurricular activities to list, or you`ve been out of the game for a while. The worst thing you can do in the face of these common problems is to make excuses.

Don`t even make excuses if they`re valid and don`t apologize. There are always explanations for doing wrong, doing nothing, or simply not doing the right thing, but they should never be used as an excuse.

Whether Forex trading is really worth it depends on your goals and risk tolerance. If your goal is to learn more about the financial markets and get returns from market models, then yes, Forex trading can be worth it. However, Forex trading is risky and requires a cautious approach to risk management. ForexBrokers.co.za aims to make it easier for South African traders to start regulated Forex trading. We have compared more than 50+ Forex brokers based on 12 factors and then selected the best ones that are regulated with FSCA, FCA, ASIC, so you can trade safely with trusted brokers. Some brokers even take it to a level and offer their own bespoke trading platforms, such as Trading 212. Intraday Forex trading is very specific. While your average long-term futures trader can afford to reduce the hedging by 12 pips (the smallest price movement is usually 1%) here and 12 there, a day trader simply can`t. Indeed, these 12 pips could represent the entire expected profit of trading. Forex license in South Africa is better known as Financial Service Provider (FSP) license.

Tetra Consultants helps its international clients obtain the South African FSP license for companies wishing to provide financial services and forex trading in South Africa. The collapse of VBS Mutual Bank in 2018 led to a general loss of confidence in the country`s regulator at the time, the Financial Services Board. Over a three-year period from 2015 to 2018, it is estimated that at least $130 million in South African citizens` deposits and pension funds were lost due to corruption and fraud. In order to mitigate the resulting loss of confidence, the Financial Services Council has been radically restructured to better fulfil its role as the leading regulator of the financial services sector in South Africa. The implementation of the Financial Sector Regulation Act in 2017 implemented the Twin Peaks regulatory system, with the Financial Sector Conduct Authority (South Africa) overseeing the supervision of market practices and the Prudential Authority overseeing supervision. At the same time, the Council of Financial System Regulators (FSCA) was created to oversee the financial services sector from a high-level overview. This council is made up of key representatives from the FSCA and the Palestinian Authority, as well as high-level authorities from relevant government agencies such as the Financial Intelligence Centre, the South African Reserve Bank and even the Director General of the National Ministry of Finance. This overhaul of the regulatory structure of the financial sector is expected to benefit forex brokerage firms by ensuring that the system can operate more transparently and efficiently, making a South African forex license an attractive option for those who want to launch a forex brokerage without the same leverage restrictions imposed by the European Securities and Markets Authority. Trillions are traded every day in the Forex market and the high volumes attract illegal companies that will try to scam you. It is safer and more responsible to trade Forex in South Africa through a reputable Forex broker who is a registered member of the FSCA. The same goes for international forex trading sites, where it is advisable to use only regulated forex brokers. In 1991, it was proposed to require an independent body to supervise, supervise and regulate all non-bank financial institutions.

These included insurers, financial service providers, capital markets, pension funds, credit officers, collective investment schemes and foreign exchange dealers. There are many regulated Forex brokers that accept South African traders: Hotforex (regulated by the FSCA), XM Trading, Exness, Forextime, Avatrade, FxPro and many others. 1. MetaTrader (MT4 & MT5): MetaTrader is the most popular forex trading platform that supports PC, Mobile & Web. It is widely used by Forex and CFD traders because of its advanced charts, multiple deadlines, and automation features. On April 1, 2018, the FSB changed its name to the FSCA, which is responsible for regulating and supervising financial service providers (FSPs) such as forex dealers, mutual funds and investment managers. As a general rule, make sure you have a functional transfer strategy (fully tested in the demo for at least 3 months), never use more than 1:50 leverage and never risk more than 2% of your trading capital on a trade. These are all sound money management practices that ensure that you have a better chance of being a successful Forex trader. Forex trading requires you to register with a regulated Forex broker to place your real trades in the market. There are over 100+ brokers that accept South African traders. We have only listed « FSCA and FCA regulated brokers » that you can trade safely. Some forex brokers now also accept deposits in Bitcoin or a number of other cryptos.

An important question is how much money is needed to start trading Forex in South Africa. The minimum deposit required to open an account with some of the regulated Forex brokers is only $1. In ZAR, the minimum is R70 at Hotforex. However, it is recommended to start with capital that is not too low, otherwise you risk using very high leverage to make more profits. And that puts all of your trading capital at great risk on every trade. Don`t just take Forex brokers at their word when they say they are regulated by the FSCA. Before handing over money to the broker, check if this claim is legitimate. The Forex broker should be able to provide you with its FSCA license number, and you can check its validity on the official website of the FSCA in the OTC Derivatives Provider category. While you don`t need to use a regulated broker when trading in South Africa, it`s good to make sure your broker is regulated by the FSCA or at least a Tier 1 regulatory jurisdiction.

You should use a combination of technical analysis and fundamental analysis. Even if you trade based on chart patterns, you can`t ignore the news, as markets are usually affected in the short and long term, depending on factors affecting the country`s economy. All brokers have different minimum deposit requirements. The lowest minimum deposit requirement for South African traders we found is R76 with ZAR account brokers or $5 with Hotforex micro account and XM micro account. You also need to decide the base currency of the account you want to select. Some SA Forex brokers offer a ZAR base currency account, which is useful in some cases. In addition, your forex broker should accept deposits and withdrawals in ZAR via bank transfers and EFT. The regulation of the Forex trading market in South Africa is left to the FSCA. It is their job to inform, educate and support Forex traders and brokers on fair trading practices. Another way to trade Forex is to use currency derivatives.

Futures and options are popular derivatives. When you trade Forex during the day, you buy one currency and sell another at the same time. Therefore, currencies are traded in pairs. Legal Forex trading is now available to anyone in South Africa. All you need is a laptop/device, a fast internet connection, start-up capital (we recommend trading with at least R7500) and a good strategy with good risk management to start trading online. After learning how to open your trading account, we will explain the exact dynamics of Forex trading and how to calculate profits / losses. In most countries, you cannot trade Forex until you are considered major. In the UK and US, this means you can`t trade until you`re 18. Some countries may require merchants to be 20 or 21 years old. In this chapter, we will give you a brief overview of these 2 trading strategies. We recommend beginners use a minimum leverage of 1:10 to keep their risk low. South African traders should start with the right balance so as not to overtrade or risk much of your capital for a very high leveraged trade.

A forex broker is a company that provides access to a platform where foreign currencies can be bought and sold. Brokers may use different platforms or offer different currency pairs to trade, although they all offer the same basic service. Forex trading is a legitimate job for many people around the world. Licensed and regulated brokers offer a large and accessible Forex market allowing clients to take positions on the price of major currency pairs. You may be interested in deposit methods at a particular Forex broker. Want to use PayPal, Skrill or Neteller? Are you happy to use credit or debit cards knowing that withdrawals are paid here? How Does Forex Trading Work? The logistics of Forex day trading are almost identical to that of any other market. However, there is one crucial difference that should be highlighted. Start trading on Hotforex Important: Forex trading involves a high level of risk and your capital is at stake.

Almost 75% of traders lose money, so you have a solid trading strategy that you tested on a demo account before trading with real money.